Studi Status Gizi, Pola Makan serta Aktivitas pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Mataram
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v6i1.104Abstract
Latar Belakang: Dewasa ini negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia dihadapkan pada dua permasalahan status gizi anak, yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Kecenderungan peningkatan prevalensi gizi lebih di Indonesia ditunjukkan oleh studi di Yogyakarta dan Denpasar. Sebuah studi di Yogyakarta tahun 1999 menunjukkan bahwa proporsi gizi lebih pada anak sekolah dasar di Yogyakarta sebanyak 15,8%, sedangkan di Denpasar tahun 2002 sebanyak 27,5%. Belum ada penelitian serupa di Kota Mataram. Penelitian status gizi perlu dilakukan secara periodik untuk mengetahui kecenderungan status gizi pada anak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status gizi, pola makan dan pola aktivitas pada anak SD di Kota Mataram. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain belah lintang. Pengukuran status gizi anak diukur berdasarkan nilai Z-score kemudian kategori status gizi akan ditentukan berdasarkan standar age per weight. Penentuan faktor risiko diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner oleh anak dan orang tua. Aspek yang tertuang dalam kuesioner meliputi) pola makan, pola aktivitas dan latar belakang sosial ekonomi keluarga. Hasil: Sebanyak 105 anak terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Proporsi anak yang mengalami gizi lebih adalah 9%. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan anak yang pola hidupnya dapat mengarah pada gizi lebih, yaitu 16,2% anak menonton TV dan bermain video game melebihi waktu yang direkomendasikan, 38% anak melakukan aktivitas fisik kurang dari 1 kali dalam seminggu, 81% anak tidak menggunakan active commute (naik sepeda atau berjalan kaki ke sekolah), 29,5% anak mempunyai waktu tidur kurang dari jam tidur yang direkomendasikan, 74% anak tidak rutin membawa bekal ke sekolah; dan 5% anak mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji minimal 1 kali dalam seminggu. Kesimpulan: Kasus gizi lebih sudah menjadi permasalahan di kota Mataram. Diperlukan upaya intervensi terkait faktor-faktor yang telah diketahui terkait dengan gizi lebih. Intervensi ini diperlukan pada anak yang gizi lebih maupun pada anak gizi cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya overweight maupun obesitas. Katakunci status gizi, pola makan, pola aktivitas, anak sekolah dasarReferences
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2. Cameron N. Childhood obesity in developing countries. Journal of Human Ecology. 2005;13:53–59.
3. Carter D, editor. Preventing Cildhood Obesity. London: British Medical Association; 2005.
4. WHO. Prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases at country level: towards a global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases (GARD): based on the WHO Meeting on Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland, 17-19 June 2004. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
5. Dehghan M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Merchant AT. Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention. Nutrition journal. 2005;4(1):24.
6. Australian Society for The Study of Obesity. Obesity in Autralian Children. Australia: Australian Society for The Study of Obesity; 2007.
7. Wong S, Leatherdale ST. Peer reviewed: association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and obesity: inactivity among active kids. Preventing chronic disease. 2009;6(1).
8. Davison KK, Werder JL, Lawson CT. Peer reviewed: Children’s active commuting to school: Current knowledge and future directions. Preventing chronic disease. 2008;5(3).
9. Cooper A, Wedderkopp N, Wang H, Andersen L, Froberg K, Page A. Active Travel to School and Cardiovascular Fitness in Danish Children and Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:1724–1731.
10. Dellinger AM, Control CfD, Prevention, others. Barriers to children walking and biking to school–United States, 1999. MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2002;51(32):701–704.
11. Chen X, Beydoun MA, Wang Y. Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity. 2008;16(2):265–274.
12. Von Kries R, Toschke AM, Wurmser H, Sauerwald T, Koletzko B. Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5-and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep–a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity. 2002;26(5):710.
13. Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, Pereira MA, Ludwig DS. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey. Pediatrics. 2004;113(1):112–118.
14. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. The lancet. 2002;360(9331):473–482.
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Published
2017-11-14
How to Cite
Suryani, D., Sabrina, Y., Cholidah, R., Ekawanti, A., & Andari, M. Y. (2017). Studi Status Gizi, Pola Makan serta Aktivitas pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Mataram. Jurnal Kedokteran, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v6i1.104
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