Nutrisi dan Ventilasi Mekanik : Review Artikel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v12i4.1011Kata Kunci:
penyakit kritis, unit perawatan intensif, ventilasi mekanik, nutrisiAbstrak
Pasien critical-illness sering membutuhkan ventilasi mekanis sebagai bagian dari perawatan mereka. Pasien critical illness sering membutuhkan ventilasi mekanis untuk menggantikan atau menambah ventilasi spontan normal. Dalam beberapa kasus, masalah utamanya adalah gangguan eliminasi CO2 (kegagalan ventilasi). Salah satu komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh pasien yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik adalah malnutrisi. Pasien critical-illness biasanya tidak mampu mempertahankan asupan nutrisi yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan metaboliknya sendiri. Asupan nutrisi dapat diberikan secara enteral, nutrisi parenteral, atau kombinasi keduanya. Pemberian nutrisi enternal dapat mendukung integritas fungsional usus dengan mempertahankan sel-sel intraepitel, merangsang aliran darah, dan mendorong pelepasan agen trofik endogen. Sedangkan, pemberian nutrisi parenteral (PN) diperlukan apabila dalam 3 hari kebutuhan nutrisi pasien tidak tercukupi dikarenakan penyediaan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi cenderung mengakibatkan kekurangan gizi dalam 8-12 hari setelah operasi dan/atau masuk ruangan ICU. Perbandingan pemberian nutrisi secara EN dan PN pada beberapa penelitian yang sudah dilakukan menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pemberian nutrisi EN dibandingkan PN terhadap LOS ICU dan ventilasi mekanik. Namun, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap pengaruh EN yang mampu menurunkan komplikasi infeksi dibandingkan dengan pemberian nutrisi secara PN.
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