Hubungan antara Postur Kerja dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Penambang Emas Skala Kecil di Sekotong
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v6i3.1.277Kata Kunci:
postur kerja, keluhan muskuloskeletal, REBA, Standardise Nordic QuestionnaireAbstrak
Latar belakang: International Labour Organtization (ILO) memperkirakan sekitar 1,9 juta kematian terjadi setiap tahunnya di dunia akibat penyakit terkait pekerjaan. Penyakit terkait kerja yang relatif baru, seperti keluhan muskuloskeletal, sedang meningkat angka kejadiannya di beberapa negara. Keluhan muskuloskeletal dilaporkan memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi di antara pekerja pertambangan, namun terdapat kekurangan dalam hal pendataan dan kurangnya kesadaran akan masalah tersebut. Postur kerja merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kejadian gangguan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada penambang emas di Sekotong.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 53 orang didapatkan dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Penilaian risiko postur kerja menggunakan lembar kerja REBA dan keluhan muskuloskeletal menggunakan Standardised Nordic Questionnaire. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi koefisien kontingensi.
Hasil: Dari 53 subyek penelitian, terdapat 31 orang (58,5%) dengan risiko postur kerja sedang, 16 orang (30,2%) risiko tinggi, dan 6 orang (11,3%) risiko sangat tinggi. Responden yang mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal berjumlah 38 orang (71,7%). Berdasarkan uji koefisien kontingensi diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada penambang (p=0,028), terutama keluhan pada bahu, punggung, dan pinggang
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada penambang emas di Sekotong, Lombok Barat
Referensi
1. International Labour Organization (ILO). The Prevention of Occupational Diseases. 2013; Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_208226.pdf
2. International Labour Organization (ILO). Safety and Health at Work: A Vision for Sustainable Prevention. 2014; Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_301214.pdf
3. Direktorat Kesehatan Kerja dan Olahraga. Pelatihan Diagnosis Penyakit Akibat Kerja. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2015; Available at: http://www.kesjaor.kemkes.go.id/content/news/pelatihan-diagnosis-penyakit-akibat-kerja.html
4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Muskuloskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity and Low Back. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997; Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/
5. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of Major Musculoskeletal Conditions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2003;81(9):646–656. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572542/
6. Basuki K. Faktor risiko Kejadian Low Back Pain pada Operator Tambang Sebuah Perusahaan Tambang Nickel di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia. 2009;4(2):115-121. Available at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpki/article/download/2346/2068.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Occupational health: A manual for primary health care workers. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. 2001; Available at: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/regions/en/oehemhealthcareworkers.pdf
8. Labor USD. Ergonomics: The Study of Work: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2000; Available at: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3125.pdf
9. Devi B, Prayogo D. Mining and Development in Indonesia: An Overview of the Regulatory Framework and Policies. 2013; Available at: http://im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Mining-and-Development-in-Indonesia.pdf
10. Elgstrand K, Vingard E. Occupational Safety and Health in Mining: Anthology on the situation in 16 mining countries. Arbete och Hälsa. 2013;47(2). Available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/32882/1/gupea_2077_32882_1.pdf
11. Ardha N. Memburu Emas di Sekotong, Lombok Barat. Arsip Berita Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral; 2010. Available at: http://www.esdm.go.id/berita/56-artikel/4012--memburu-emas-di-sekoton-lombok-barat.html
12. Ismawati Y, Petrlick J,DiGangi J. Titik Rawan Merkuri di Indonesia: Situs PESK di Poboya dan Sekotong Indonesia. Laporan Kampanye Bebas Merkuri IPEN. 2013; Available at: http://balifokus.asia/balifokus/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/080113_Indonesia_Mercury_Report-hair-ID.pdf
13. Carugno M. Physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilianand Italian nurses. Rio de Janeiro. 2012;28(9):1632-1642. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23033179
14. Mohrej OA. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain of the neck, upper extremities and lower back among dental practitioners working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011100. Available at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/6/e011100.full
15. Garbin AJI. Musculoskeletal pain and ergonomic aspects of dentistry. Rev Dor. São Paulo. 2015;16(2):90-95. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-00132015000200090
16. Bio FY. Low Back Pain in Underground Gold Miners in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal. 2007;41(1):21-25. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890537/pdf/GMJ4101-0021.pdf
17. Vincent HK, Raiser SN, Vincent KR. The aging musculoskeletal system and obesity-related considerations with exercise. Ageing Research Reviews. 2012; Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22440321
18. Alghadir A, Anwer S. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Construction Workers in Saudi Arabia. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, the Scientific World Journal; 2015. Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/529873/
19. Kaminskas KA, Antanaitis J. A cross-sectional survey of construction workers: an ergonomics approach, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. 2010;1246–1252,. Available at: http://dspace.vgtu.lt/bitstream/1/495/1/1246-1252_kaminskas_antanaitis.pdf
20. Kezunovic L, Stamatovic S, Stamatovic B, Jovanovic J. One Year Prevalence of Muskuloskeletal Symptoms in Aluminium Industry Potroom Worker. Medicine an Biology. 2004;11(3):148-153. Available at: http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/mab/mab200403/mab200403-10.pdf
21. Smedly J, Dick F, Sadhra S. Oxford Handbook of Occupational Health. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press: United Kingdom. 2013;
22. Gangopadhyay S. Effect Of Working Posture On Occurrence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among The Sand Core Making Workers Of West Bengal. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2010;18(1):38–42. Available at: http://apps.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-07-full.pdf
23. Paskarini I, Jalajuwita RN. Hubungan Posisi Kerja dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Unit Pengelasan Pt. X Bekasi. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health. 2015;4(1):33–42. Available at: http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/IJOSH/article/download/1640/1265
24. Xu G. Prevalence of low back pain and associated occupational factors among Chinese coal miners. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:149. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/149
25. Astuti RD. Analisa Pengaruh Aktivitas Kerja dan Beban Angkat terhadap Kelelahan Muskuloskeletal. Gema Teknik; 2007. Available at: http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/gem/article/download/17602/17516
26. Sundari KN. Postur kerja yang Menimbulkan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal dan Meningkatkan Beban Kerja Pada Tukang Bentuk Keramik. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri. 2011;10(1):42-47. ISSN: 1412-6869. Available at: http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/jiti/article/download/1248/809
27. Gatchel RJ, Schultz IZ. Handbook of Musculoskeletal Pain and Disability Disorders in the Workplace. Springer Science and Business Media: New York.2014
2. International Labour Organization (ILO). Safety and Health at Work: A Vision for Sustainable Prevention. 2014; Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_301214.pdf
3. Direktorat Kesehatan Kerja dan Olahraga. Pelatihan Diagnosis Penyakit Akibat Kerja. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2015; Available at: http://www.kesjaor.kemkes.go.id/content/news/pelatihan-diagnosis-penyakit-akibat-kerja.html
4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Muskuloskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity and Low Back. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997; Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/
5. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of Major Musculoskeletal Conditions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2003;81(9):646–656. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572542/
6. Basuki K. Faktor risiko Kejadian Low Back Pain pada Operator Tambang Sebuah Perusahaan Tambang Nickel di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia. 2009;4(2):115-121. Available at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpki/article/download/2346/2068.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Occupational health: A manual for primary health care workers. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. 2001; Available at: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/regions/en/oehemhealthcareworkers.pdf
8. Labor USD. Ergonomics: The Study of Work: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2000; Available at: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3125.pdf
9. Devi B, Prayogo D. Mining and Development in Indonesia: An Overview of the Regulatory Framework and Policies. 2013; Available at: http://im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Mining-and-Development-in-Indonesia.pdf
10. Elgstrand K, Vingard E. Occupational Safety and Health in Mining: Anthology on the situation in 16 mining countries. Arbete och Hälsa. 2013;47(2). Available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/32882/1/gupea_2077_32882_1.pdf
11. Ardha N. Memburu Emas di Sekotong, Lombok Barat. Arsip Berita Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral; 2010. Available at: http://www.esdm.go.id/berita/56-artikel/4012--memburu-emas-di-sekoton-lombok-barat.html
12. Ismawati Y, Petrlick J,DiGangi J. Titik Rawan Merkuri di Indonesia: Situs PESK di Poboya dan Sekotong Indonesia. Laporan Kampanye Bebas Merkuri IPEN. 2013; Available at: http://balifokus.asia/balifokus/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/080113_Indonesia_Mercury_Report-hair-ID.pdf
13. Carugno M. Physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilianand Italian nurses. Rio de Janeiro. 2012;28(9):1632-1642. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23033179
14. Mohrej OA. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain of the neck, upper extremities and lower back among dental practitioners working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011100. Available at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/6/e011100.full
15. Garbin AJI. Musculoskeletal pain and ergonomic aspects of dentistry. Rev Dor. São Paulo. 2015;16(2):90-95. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-00132015000200090
16. Bio FY. Low Back Pain in Underground Gold Miners in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal. 2007;41(1):21-25. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890537/pdf/GMJ4101-0021.pdf
17. Vincent HK, Raiser SN, Vincent KR. The aging musculoskeletal system and obesity-related considerations with exercise. Ageing Research Reviews. 2012; Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22440321
18. Alghadir A, Anwer S. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Construction Workers in Saudi Arabia. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, the Scientific World Journal; 2015. Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/529873/
19. Kaminskas KA, Antanaitis J. A cross-sectional survey of construction workers: an ergonomics approach, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. 2010;1246–1252,. Available at: http://dspace.vgtu.lt/bitstream/1/495/1/1246-1252_kaminskas_antanaitis.pdf
20. Kezunovic L, Stamatovic S, Stamatovic B, Jovanovic J. One Year Prevalence of Muskuloskeletal Symptoms in Aluminium Industry Potroom Worker. Medicine an Biology. 2004;11(3):148-153. Available at: http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/mab/mab200403/mab200403-10.pdf
21. Smedly J, Dick F, Sadhra S. Oxford Handbook of Occupational Health. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press: United Kingdom. 2013;
22. Gangopadhyay S. Effect Of Working Posture On Occurrence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among The Sand Core Making Workers Of West Bengal. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2010;18(1):38–42. Available at: http://apps.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-07-full.pdf
23. Paskarini I, Jalajuwita RN. Hubungan Posisi Kerja dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Unit Pengelasan Pt. X Bekasi. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health. 2015;4(1):33–42. Available at: http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/IJOSH/article/download/1640/1265
24. Xu G. Prevalence of low back pain and associated occupational factors among Chinese coal miners. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:149. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/149
25. Astuti RD. Analisa Pengaruh Aktivitas Kerja dan Beban Angkat terhadap Kelelahan Muskuloskeletal. Gema Teknik; 2007. Available at: http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/gem/article/download/17602/17516
26. Sundari KN. Postur kerja yang Menimbulkan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal dan Meningkatkan Beban Kerja Pada Tukang Bentuk Keramik. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri. 2011;10(1):42-47. ISSN: 1412-6869. Available at: http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/jiti/article/download/1248/809
27. Gatchel RJ, Schultz IZ. Handbook of Musculoskeletal Pain and Disability Disorders in the Workplace. Springer Science and Business Media: New York.2014
Diterbitkan
2018-12-14
Cara Mengutip
Wangiyana, N. K. A. S., Ekawanti, A., & Octora, M. (2018). Hubungan antara Postur Kerja dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Penambang Emas Skala Kecil di Sekotong. Baphomet University : Situs Slot Online Gacor Terbaik Hari Ini Server Thailand Gampang Maxwin 2024, 6(3.1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v6i3.1.277
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