A response Innate Immune Response 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GRA) as an Immunomodulator in Leishmaniasis

GRA mechanism in innate celluer immunity

Abstrak

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a parasitic infection of the genus Leishmania through the bite of a female sandfly which results in a decrease in the body's immune system. Every year, there are 2,000,000 cases of Leishmaniasis. The review of this journal aims to illustrate the description of the mechanism of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GRA) as antileishmaniasis. GRA from liquorice has activity as an immunomodulator in Leishmaniasis. The method used in this research is a review of scientific literature both in electronic databases from 1990 to 2009 (NCBI, Google Scholar, Google Search) as well as books with the keywords of Leishmaniasis, 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, innate immunity, cytokines, and GRA mechanisms as antileishmaniasis. GRA from liquorice as an immunomodulator has the potential to be an antileishmaniasis agent. The mechanism of GRA action plays a role in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and NO to help stimulate macrophages. In cellular innate immunity, the NFkB and MAPK pathways are activated by GRA compounds so that they can produce proinflammatory cytokines. In cellular innate immunity, Lipophosphoglycan cause MFs infection resulting in inhibition of NO production. However, GRA produces oxidative metabolites in the form of NO which inhibits the action of Lipophosphoglycan so that antigens that are bound to B cell receptors will activate complement to help opsonization. GRA immunomodulatory activity in both arms of innate immunity is obtained by activation of the NFkB pathway which correlates with increased MAPK activation so that proinflammatory cytokines and NO can be produced in Leishmaniasis.