PENYAKIT KOMORBID SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO MORTALITAS PASIEN COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v11i3.747Kata Kunci:
COVID-19, Penyakit Komorbid, MortalitasAbstrak
Penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit saluran pernafasan menular yang disebabkan oleh Coronavirus jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya yaitu SARS-CoV-2. Tingginya kasus kematian pada pasien COVID-19 dikaitkan dengan adanya penyakit penyerta seperti hipertensi, diabetes melitus, penyakit kardiovaskular, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, penyakit ginjal, kanker dan penyakit hati. Mekanisme patofisiologi komorbid dalam memperburuk gejala serta meningkatkan risiko mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19 sangat kompleks dan beragam. Pada penderita hipertensi, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, dan penyakit ginjal terjadi peningkatan ekspresi reseptor ACE-2 menyebabkan sangat rentan terinfeksi COVID-19. Penurunan dan melemahnya sistem imun tubuh memainkan peran penting dalam perburukan gejala penyakit COVID-19 pada pasien kanker, penyakit hati dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Pada pasien diabetes, gangguan fungsi sel T dan peningkatan kadar interleukin-6 (IL-6) berperan dalam meningkatnya derajat penyakit COVID-19. Sedangkan pada pasien asma, ikatan silang IgE serta menurunnya produksi interferon menyebabkan pasien asma lebih rentan terinfeksi virus dan dapat memperburuk gejala serta eksaserbasi asma.
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