A REVIEW: THE RISK OF IRON DEFICIENCY WITHIN INFANTS WHO ARE EXCLUSIVELY BREAST FED FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS: CASES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v2i3.69Abstract
This review aims to discuss about the risk of iron deficiency within infants who are exclusively breast fed for the first six months after birth, especially in developed countries. It is well documented that iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disease among babies and young children. This commonly occurs during an increased need of iron supply particularly in the first period of life. The WHO and many health authorities recommend to exclusively breast fed babies for the first six months of their life for the best achievement on growth, health and development, and no adverse outcome on growth have been reported for breastfeeding babies exclusively for six months. However, a lower level of iron has been identified in some developing country settings.There have been few studies specifically to examine the relationship between infants who are exclusively breast fed for the first six months after birth and the prevalence of iron deficiency in developed countries. Based on the evidence, there are several factors may affect iron stores depletion of babies and toddlers such as dietary intake, socioeconomic, low iron concentration of weaning foods, cow‟s milk consumption and prolonged duration of breastfeeding. Most studies that have been carried out have concluded that there is little risk of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in infants who are exclusively breast fed for the first six months after birth. It seems that only infants with unusual low iron stores at birth are at risk of deficiency if breast fed exclusively for six months.References
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11. Oti-Boateng, P., Seshadri, R., Petrick, S., Gibson, R., & Simmer, K. Iron status and dietary iron intake of 6–24 month old children in Adelaide. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 1998; 34(3), 250-253.
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17, 2011]. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2011/breastfeeding_20110115/en/
nutrition. 2002; 34(4), 337.
2. Beristain-Manterola, R., PasquettiCeccatelli, A., Meléndez-Mier, G., Sánchez-Escobar, O. A., & CuevasCovarrubias, S. A. Evaluation of iron status in healthy six-month-old infants in Mexican population: Evidence of a high prevalence of iron deficiency. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical
Nutrition and Metabolism. 2010; 5(1), e37- e39.
3. Dewey, K. G., Domellöf, M., Cohen, R. J., Landa Rivera, L., Hernell, O., & Lönnerdal, B. Iron supplementation affects growth and morbidity of breast-fed infants: results of a randomized trial in Sweden and Honduras. The Journal of nutrition. 2002; 132(11), 3249.
4. Domellöf, M., Lönnerdal, B., Abrams, S. A., & Hernell, O. Iron absorption in breastfed infants: effects of age, iron status, iron supplements, and complementary foods. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2002; 76(1), 198.
5. Duncan, B., Schifman, R. B., Corrigan Jr, J. J., & Schaefer, C. Iron and the
exclusively breast-fed infant from birth to six months. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1985; 4(3), 421-425.
6. Grant, C. C., Wall, C. R., Brunt, D.,
Crengle, S., & Scragg, R. Population
prevalence and risk factors for iron
deficiency in Auckland, New Zealand.
Journal of paediatrics and child health.
2007; 43(7 8), 532-538.
7. Grant, C., Wall, C., Wilson, C., & Taua, N. Risk factors for iron deficiency in a hospitalized urban New Zealand population. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2003; 39(2), 100-106.
8. Innis, S., Nelson, C., Wadsworth, L., MacLaren, I., & Lwanga, D. Incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia and depleted iron stores among nine-month-old infants in Vancouver, Canada. Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique. 1997; 88(2), 80.
9. Mills, A. Surveillance for anaemia: risk factors in patterns of milk intake. Archives of disease in childhood; 1990; 65(4), 428.
10. Mira, M., Alperstein, G., Karr, M., Ranmuthugala, G., Causer, J., Niec, A.,
& Lilburne, A. M. Haem iron intake in 12- 36 month old children depleted in iron: case-control study. BMJ. 1996; 312(7035), 881.
11. Oti-Boateng, P., Seshadri, R., Petrick, S., Gibson, R., & Simmer, K. Iron status and dietary iron intake of 6–24 month old children in Adelaide. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 1998; 34(3), 250-253.
12. Siimes, M. A., Salmenpera, L., & Perheentupa, J. Exclusive breast-feeding for 9 months: risk of iron deficiency. The Journal of pediatric. 1984; 104(2), 196-199.
13. Soh, P., Ferguson, E., McKenzie, J., Homs, M., & Gibson, R. Iron deficiency and risk factors for lower iron stores in 6–24-month-old New Zealanders. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2004; 58(1), 71-79.
14. Vendt, N. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Infants Aged 9 to 12 Months in Estonia. Tartu University Press; 2008.
15. World Health Organisation. Report of the expert consultation on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: World Health Organization Geneva; 2001.
16. World Health Organisation. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months best for babies everywhere; 2011 [Updated May
17, 2011]. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2011/breastfeeding_20110115/en/
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Published
2017-10-26
How to Cite
Cholidah, R. (2017). A REVIEW: THE RISK OF IRON DEFICIENCY WITHIN INFANTS WHO ARE EXCLUSIVELY BREAST FED FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS: CASES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. Jurnal Kedokteran, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v2i3.69
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