Penanda Biologis Limfoma Maligna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v7i4.317Keywords:
Penanda biologis, Limfoma maligna, Faktor prognosis, Faktor risiko klinisAbstract
Penanda biologis kanker adalah molekul yang mudah diukur dan mudah dievaluasi sebagai indikator proses biologis, proses patogenesis dari suatu penyakit atau proses farmakologis dari suatu terapi dari kanker. Limfoma maligna adalah kanker yang berasal dari sel limfosit abnormal. Penanda biologis pada limfoma maligna dapat digunakan sebagai faktor risiko klinis atau faktor prognosis. Prognosis dari seorang pasien kanker dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara sel tumor dan penjamu. Faktor-faktor tersebut meliputi jumlah dari sel tumor, kemampuan dari penjamu untuk mengeliminasi sel tumor (imunokompeten) dan toleransi pasien terhadap regimen terapi. Limfoma maligna dapat dibedakan menjadi LNH dan LH. LNH dibedakan lagi menjadi Difusse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Folicular Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma dan Burkitt Lymphoma. Masing-masing jenis limfoma
tersebut memiliki penanda biologis yang berbeda-beda dan saling berkaitan serta tumpang tindih. Sebagian besar penanda biologis memiliki nilai prognosis tetapi ada juga yang berhubungan dengan terapi. Identifikasi dan aplikasi penanda biologis prognosis yang baik nantinya dapat membantu menentukan pengobatan yang tepat dan evaluasi luaran pasien dengan akurat.
References
2. Sathiya M, Muthuchelian K. Significance of immunologic markers in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Academic Journal of Cancer Research. 2009;2(1):40–50.
3. Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Duyster JG, Morris SW. Molecular aspects of non-hodgkin lymphomagenesis. In: Wintrobe’s clinical hematology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Willams & Wilkins, A Wolters Kluwer Company; 2003. p. 263–273.
4. Larouche JF, Coiffier B. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. In: Textbook of Medical Oncology. 4th. London: Informa; 2009. p. 236–262.
5. Ansell SM, Armitage J. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(8):1087–1097.
6. Horning SJ. Hodgkin Lymphoma. In: Textbook of Medical Oncology. 4th. London: Informa; 2009. p. 263–273.
7. Sehn LH. Optimal use of prognostic factors in NonHodgkin lymphoma. Hematology. 2006;1:298–302.
8. Kuppers R, Engert A, Hansmann M. Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(10):3439–3447.
9. Van Krieken JHJM, Jansen C, Hebeda KM, Groenen PJTA. Biomarkers as disease definition: Mantle cell lymphoma as an example. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2010;4:922–925.
10. Gascoyne RD, Rosenwald A, Poppema S, Lenz G. Prognostic biomarkers in malignant lymphomas. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(S1):11–19.
11. Chatterjee SK, Zetter BR. Cancer biomarkers: knowing the present and predicting the future. Future Oncology. 2005;1(1):37–50.
12. Zander T WJ Wiedenmann S. Prognostic factors in hodgkin’s lymphoma. Annals of Oncology. 2002;13:67–74.
13. Gleissner B, Kuppers R, Siebert R, Glass B, Trumper, Hiddemann W. Report of a workshop on malignant lymphoma: a review of molecular and clinical risk profiling. British Journal of Haematology 2008;142:166–178.
14. Strauchen JA. Immunophenotypic and molecular studies in the diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphoma. Cancer Investigation. 2004;22(1):138–148.
15. Hsi ED. The role of biomarkers in the management of patients with lymphoma: promise versus reality. Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma. 2009;9(2):121–123.
16. Nicolaides C, Dimou S, Pavlidis N. Prognostic factors in aggressive non-hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Oncologist. 1998;3:189–197.
17. Wu G, Keating A. Biomarkers of potential prognostic significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer. 2006;106(2):247–257.
18. Hagenbeek A, Gascoyne RD, Dreyling M, Kluin P, Engert A, Salles G. Biomarkers and prognosis in malignant lymphomas. Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma. 2009;9(2):160–166.
19. Vendrame E, Martinez-Maza O. Assessment of pre-diagnosis biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation – insights on the etiology of lymphoma. J Proteome Res. 2011;10(1):113–119.
20. Shipp MA. Prognostic factors in aggressive nonhodgkin’s lymphoma: who has “high-risk†disease? Blood. 1994;83(5):1165–1173.
21. Sanchez-Espiridion B, Garcia JF, Sanchez-Beato M. Advances in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Biology: new prognostic factors and outcome predicition using gene expression signatures. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid: Espana. 2013;Available from: http://www.mdanderson.es.
22. Press OW, Leonard JP, Coiffier B, Levy R, Timmerman J. Immunotherapy of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2001;p. 221–240.
