Hipertensi Sebagai Determinan Utama untuk Peningkatan Risiko Stroke pada Populasi Penduduk di Daerah Pesisir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v11i1.641Kata Kunci:
stroke, hipertensi, asupan garam, daerah pesisirAbstrak
Hipertensi merupakan determinan utama untuk terjadinya stroke pada populasi penduduk di daerah pesisir. Hal ini terutama terkait dengan pola diet tinggi garam sodium sehari-hari yang dimiliki oleh populasi penduduk di daerah tersebut. Konsumsi garam sodium > 5 gram/hari secara kronik akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Mengingat ikan laut secara alami memiliki kadar sodium yang cukup tinggi dan dapat mengalami peningkatan kadar sodium selama proses pengolahan, maka konsumsi ikan laut secara kronik dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor risiko untuk terjadinya hipertensi dan stroke. Secara patofisiologik, kadar sodium yang tinggi dalam waktu yang lama menyebabkan terjadinya disfungsi pressure natriuresis, suatu kondisi yang mendasari terjadinya hipertensi. Kondisi hipertensi tersebut selanjutnya akan menginduksi terjadinya perubahan struktur dinding pembuluh darah otak yang menunjang untuk terjadinya stroke. Mengingat secara ekonomi, penggunaan garam sodium untuk proses pengawetan, modifikasi rasa, dan modifikasi warna dan tekstur makanan produk hasil laut, termasuk ikan laut, sangat murah, sedangkan ketersediaan bahan-bahan pengganti garam sodium untuk tujuan tersebut relatif mahal dan tidak selalu tersedia, maka upaya edukasi pada masyarakat daerah pesisir terkait kontrol konsumsi garam sodium harian sebagai upaya pencegahan stroke menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi pemegang kebijakan kesehatan setempat.
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